( See the Major Article by Vänskä et al, pages 948–56.)

In 2006 the first human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines were launched for public use. 14 years later, plans are underway to reduce global incidence of cervical cancer below an incidence of 4 per 100 000 [1], a so-called elimination threshold. Cervical cancer is the most serious and common cancer associated with HPV.

It is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide in both incidence and in mortality rate, with an estimated 570 000 new cases and 311 000 new deaths in 2018 [2]. Ways to control the disease include HPV…

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